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(GMT+08:00) 2009-02-09 15:37:18    
Tsarin cin gashin kai a yankunan kananan kabilun kasar Sin ya bunkasa zuwa wani sabon matsayi

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Kowa kuna sane da cewa, shekarar da muke ciki, shekara ce ta cika shekaru 50 da fara aiwatar da tsarin cin gashin kai a yankunan kananan kabilu a jihar Guangxi ta kabilar Zhuang mai cin gashin kanta da jihar Ningxia ta kabilar Hui mai cin gashin kanta. A cikin wadannan jihohi biyu, akwai kananan kabilu sama da 10 wadanda ke zaune zuriya bayan zuriya, kuma su muhimman membobi ne cikin babban iyalin kasar Sin dake kunshe da kabilu 56, wadanda ke zaune ba tare da matsala ba. Yau za mu gabatar da muku wani bayani dangane da kyautatuwar zaman rayuwar 'yan kananan kabilu dake zaune a jihohin Guangxi da Ningxia.

"A lokacin da, ruwa ya fi mai tsada. A wancan lokaci, ya kamata mu je wurin can nesa ba kusa ba dake da tazarar kilomita 15 domin debo ruwa. Mu kan shafe tsawon awoyi hudu ko biyar muka debo ruwan da nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 25. A lokacin kuma, ana rashin hanya mai saukin bi wajen zuwa debo ruwa. Amma a halin yanzu, kowane iyali yana mallakar matatarar ruwa dake karkashin kasa, wadda ke kawo sauki ga zaman rayuwarmu na yau da kullum. A waje daya kuma, kowane iyali ya fara yin amfani da wutar lantarki, da kallon shirye-shiryen telebijin. Ana kara samar da alheri ga mutane masu fama da kangin talauci."

Wang Wanmin, mazaunin kauyen Dujie na gundumar Long'an ta jihar Guangxi ta kabilar Zhuang mai ikon tafiyar da kanta ya gabatarwa wakilinmu yadda matsugunan kabilar Zhuang ke samun sauye-sauye a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Sakamakon manyan tsaunuka da rashin hanyoyi masu saukin bi, ya zuwa shekarar 2006, ba'a fara yin amfani da wutar lantarki a wurin ba, mazauna wurin kuma sun sha wahala sosai wajen neman ruwan sha. Shugaban hukumar kula da harkokin zirga-zirga na gundumar Long'an Luo Tiansheng ya ce, zaman rayuwar mutanen wurin ya kyautatu kwarai da gaske sakamakon karin kudin da gwamnatin tsakiya da ta wurin suka zuba, inda ya ce:

"Tun shekarar 2007, hukumar Guangxi ta shafe tsawon shekaru 2 tana zuba kudin da yawansa ya kai Yuan biliyan 1.8, ciki har da miliyan 280 ga gundumarmu, domin bunkasa fannoni da dama, ciki har da ruwa, da wutar lantarki, da hanyoyi, da aikin ilmantarwa, gami da sadarwa da dai sauransu."

Masu saurare, jihar Guangxi ta kabilar Zhuang mai ikon tafiyar da harkokin kanta tana yankin kudu maso yammacin kasar Sin, wadda ta kasance yankin kananan kabilu mai ikon tafiyar da harkokin kansa mafi yawan mutane a kasar Sin, gaba daya akwai kabilu 12 wadanda suka shafe shekara da shekaru suke zaune, ciki har da kabilun Zhuang, da Han, da Yao, da Miao da dai sauransu. Domin kyautata zaman rayuwar yankunan kananan kabilu, musamman ma yankunan da suke fama da kangin talauci, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta zuba kudade masu dimbin yawa, da bullo da manufofi masu gatanci, domin taimaka musu wajen daidaita matsaloli iri daban-daban, ciki har da yin tafiya, da shan ruwa, da yin amfani da wutar lantarki, da samun ilimi, da duba lafiyar jiki a asibiti. Kwanan baya, shugaban jihar Guangxi ta kabilar Zhuang mai cin gashin kanta ta kasar Sin Ma Biao ya bayyana cewar, gyaruwar zaman rayuwar 'yan kananan kabilu, babbar alama ce ta cigaban yankunan kananan kabilu. Mista Ma ya ce:

"A shekarar 2007, matsakaicin kudin shiga da mazauna birane da gundumomi na jihar Guangxi suka samu ya kai Yuan 12200, wanda ya ninka har sau 42 idan aka kwatanta shi da na shekarar 1978. A waje daya kuma, adadin mazauna kauyuka da suke fama da kangin talauci ya ragu daga miliyan 21 na shekarar 1978 zuwa dubu 689 na shekarar 2007, zaman rayuwar mutanen dake zaune a yankunan karkara da bakin iyaka ya sami kyautatuwa sosai."

Masu saurare, a nan kasar Sin, akwai kananan kabilu guda 22 da yawan mutanensu ya yi kasa da dubu 100, wadanda kullum ake kiransu kabilu marasa rinjaye. Kabilar Maonan da kabilar Jing a jihar Guangxi su ne kabilu marasa rinjaye. Bayan da gwamnatin kasar Sin ta rigaya ta zuba Yuan miliyan 40 ko fiye, ta yanke shawarar kara zuba kudin da yawansa ya kai miliyan 260 daga shekarar 2006 zuwa shekarar 2010, a wani kokarin taimakawa kabilun Maonan da Jing wajen raya muhimman ababen biyan bukatun jama'a na yau da kullum, domin kyautata zaman rayuwarsu. Mista Wu Shimin, mataimakin darektan kwamitin kula da harkokin kabilu na kasar Sin ya ce:

"A nan kasar Sin, akwai wata kyakkyawar al'adar gargajiya dake cewa, ya kamata manyan kabilu su nuna himma da kwazo domin taimakawa kananan kabilu marasa rinjaye."

Masu saurare, jihar Ningxia dake arewa maso yammacin kasar Sin, yanki ne mai cin gashin kansa na kabilar Hui daya tilo a nan kasar, inda mabiya addinin Musulunci da adadinsu ya zarce miliyan 2 suke zaune. Jihar Ningxia ta kabilar Hui mai cin gashin kanta tana daya daga cikin jihohin kasar Sin mafiya fama da bala'in kura hade da yashi. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, jihar Ningxia ta aiwatar da manufofi da dama domin yin riga-kafi da maganin iska hade da kura da yashi, ciki har da bada kwarin-gwiwa ga masana'antu da mutane da su dasa itatuwa da ciyayi, da zuba karin kudi domin gina ababen ban ruwa, da gudanar da ayyukan kiyaye muhallin halittu daban-daban, ciki har da mayar da gonaki da su zama gandun dazuzzuka. A nata bangare kuma, gwamnatin tsakiya ta kasar Sin ta biya kudin diyya ga kungiyoyi ko mutane wadanda suke bayar da gudummowa ta fannin kiyaye muhallin halittu. Mataimakin shugaban hukumar kula da harkokin gandun daji ta gundumar Yanchi Liu Weize ya ce:

"Raya wadannan ayyuka ba ma kawai ya samar mana da kudi ba, hatta ma ya ba mu fasahohi masu kyau. Yanzu muna cike da imani da kyakkyawan fata wajen maganin bala'in iska hade da kura."

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an fara taka birki ga yaduwar bala'in iska hade da kura da yashi a jihar Ningxia, muhallin halittun wurin ya gyaru kwarai da gaske, inda jami'in ofishin kula da harkokin yin riga-kafi da maganin iska mai kura hade da yashi na hukumar sha'anin gandun daji ta kasar Sin Wang Junzhong ya bayyana cewa:

"A cikin shekaru 4 ko 5 da suka shige, ta hanyar yin riga-kafi da maganin iska hade da kura da yashi, yawan gandun dazuzzukan dake shimfide a jihar Ningxia ya riga ya karu zuwa kashi 60 ko 70 bisa dari. Lallai kwalliya ta biya kudin sabulu."

Masu saurare, tare da kyautatuwar muhallin halittu, yawan hatsin da aka samar a jihar Ningxia ya karu shekara bayan shekara. A shekarar 2007, jimlar kudin da jihar Ningxia ta samu daga aikin kawo albarka a gida ya tasam ma Yuan biliyan 89, inda shugaban jihar Ningxia ta kabilar Hui mai cin gashin kanta Mista Wang Zhengwei ya ce:

"A halin yanzu, an riga an kafa tsarin bunkasa masana'antu na zamani a jihar Ningxia. Matsakaicin yawan wutar lantarki da mazauna jihar suke samarwa yana matsayi na farko a kasar Sin."

Tare da habakar tattalin arziki, hukumar jihar Ningxia ta kabilar Hui mai tafiyar da harkokin kanta na rubanya kokarinta wajen horas da mahukunta 'yan kananan kabilu, da bunkasa aikin ilmantarwa ga 'yan kananan kabilu, ta yadda jama'ar kabilu daban-daban a kasar Sin za su zama ba tare da matsala ba. Furofesa Yang Shengmin na jami'ar koyon ilimin kananan kabilu ta tsakiyar kasar Sin ya nuna cewa, duk wadannan cigaban da aka samu a sakamakon aiwatar da tsarin cin gashin kai a yankunan kananan kabilu. Ko da yake akasarin kasashen duniya kasashe ne masu kabilu iri daban-daban, amma akwai kasashe kalilan ne wadanda suke kafawa kananan kabilunta yankunan masu cin gashin kansu. Tsarin cin gashin kai a yankunan kananan kabilu da kasar Sin take aiwatarwa ya riga ya zama wani abun koyi ga dukkan duniya wajen warware rikicin kabilu, inda Yang Shengmin ya cigaba da cewa:

"Ta hanyar aiwatar da tsarin cin gashin kai a yankunan kananan kabilu, 'yan kananan kabilun kasar Sin suna samun cikakken ikon tafiyar da harkokin kansu, da shiga cikin harkokin kafa dokokin shari'a na kasar, ta yadda kabilu daban-daban a kasar Sin za su zama daidai wa daida, da neman bunkasuwa cikin hadin-gwiwa, da tabbatar da zaman lafiya, da kwanciyar hankalin siyasa, da dinkuwar duk kasa gu daya."

Masu sauraronmu, akwai kananan kabilu da yawansu ya kai 55 a nan kasar Sin, yawan mutanensu ya zarce miliyan 100, wanda ya dauki kashi 8.4 bisa dari na dukkan jama'ar kasar. Yanzu a wadannan wuraren kananan kabilu, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta kafa jihohi masu cin gashin kansu guda 5, da yankuna masu cin gashin kansu guda 30, gami da gundumomi masu cin gashin kansu guda 121, wadanda fadinsu ya dauki kashi 64 bisa dari na dukkan fadin kasar Sin. Kamar yadda mataimakin darektan kwamitin kula da harkokin kabilu na kasar Sin Mista Wu Shimin ya ce, bayan kafuwar Jamhuriyar Jama'ar kasar Sin, musamman ma tun daga aka fara aiwatar da manufar yin gyare-gyare cikin gida da bude kofa ga kasashen ketare a shekarar 1978, cigaban da kabilun kasar Sin daban-daban suka samu yana da dangantakar kut da kut da tsarin musamman da gwamnatin kasar Sin ke aiwatarwa na cin gashi kai a yankunan kananan kabilu.