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¡@¡@Joanna Fowler: What our imageshave shown us is that addiction is really a disease of the brain and not a moral weakness.You¡¦re listening to Joanna Fowler, a chemist at Brookhaven National Laboratory and winner of the 2009 National Medal of Science. She studies drug addiction, using tracers ¡Vradioactive molecules attached to minute quantities of drugs such as cocaine.
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¡@¡@Fowler: So, for example, we canput a carbon-11 atom in a drug molecule and use this to image where the drug goes and how longit stays in the brain.Fowler said that all the drugs humans abuse activate what she called the ¡¥reward¡¦center, located deep inside every brain. She said that this ¡¥reward¡¦center is essentially the system that gives us a sense of well-being.
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¡@¡@Fowler: Cocaine addicts,alcoholic, methamphetamine abusers ¡V all of these show an under-stimulated reward system.So we think that what¡¦s going on in addiction is people who are addicted do not have the same pleasures at natural reinforcers like food, so that they may betaking drugs to compensate.In other words, their ¡¥reward¡¦centers aren¡¦tfunctioning well,so they seek the extraordinarystimulation of a high from drugs.
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